Rakuten

What Rakuten does

Rakuten Group runs Rakuten Ichiba, one of Japan's largest online marketplaces, alongside banking, credit cards, a mobile network and a points-based loyalty programme. Its advertising business sells retail media on its marketplace in Japan.

Internationally it owns Rakuten Advertising, one of the biggest affiliate marketing networks, and Rakuten Rewards (formerly Ebates), which pays shoppers cashback.

How it makes money

Marketplace fees, fintech (cards, banking, payments), mobile subscriptions and advertising, including affiliate commissions.

Where it meets invalid traffic

Affiliate and cashback programmes attract cookie stuffing and attribution fraud, which Rakuten Advertising polices in its network.

Products

• Rakuten Ichiba
• Rakuten Advertising
• Rakuten Rewards
• Rakuten Viki